不同生物有机肥与复合肥配施对红河砂壤土烤烟品质的影响

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves in Sandy Loam

[目的]为探索沙壤土植烟地区较适宜的施肥方法。[方法]对云南省红河州建水县砂壤土的烤烟K326品种进行了不同有机无机配方施肥试验研究。[结果]有机肥的施用能够提高烟叶厚度、叶面密度和填充值,提升烟叶的外观品质,其中烟叶长度和油分提升尤为明显;有机肥有利于降低烟叶总氮和烟碱含量,提高钾元素和氯元素含量,使烟叶的化学成分更为协调;有机肥的施用在不同程度上提高了烟叶总糖、还原糖的含量,有利于提高烟叶内在品质;有机肥的施用提高了烟叶的感官品质,使得烟叶香气质柔和、细腻,烟气浓度高,口感纯净,刺激性小。[结论]有机无机配方施肥比例为85%复合肥与15%生物肥2号的配比最适于当地砂壤土生产优质烟叶。

[ Objective] The research aimed to explore the suitable method of fertilization in sandy loam. [ Method] Effects of organic and inor- ganic fertilization on the quality of the flue-cured tobacco K326 which was planted on sandy loam were studied. [ Result] The leaf thickness was increased by organic fertilizer, as well as leaf density and filling value. The appearance quality of tobacco leaves was improved, especially the blade length and oil. Total nitrogen and nicotine content were decreased while potassium and chlorine were decreased so that chemical composi- tion of tobacco became more coordinated. The content of total sugar was increased and reducing sugar was decreased 29.94% by organic fertilizer to improve the intrinsic quality of tobacco. The sensory quality of tobacco was improved by the application of organic fertilizer through making to- bacco aroma quality soft and delicate and high gas concentration, taste pure and small irritant. [ Conclusion] The best proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer formula is 85% of compound fertilizer and 15% of the No. 2 biological fertilizer.