普通油茶和小果油茶花性状及柱头可授性

Flower characteristics and stigma receptivity of Camellia oleifera and Camellia meiocarpa

对普通油茶和小果油茶的花性状、花粉特性及柱头可授性等进行了系统研究。结果表明:普通油茶和小果油茶在花色、花瓣等性状上接近,但前者花冠直径、雄蕊数、花柱长、萼片数和单花药花粉量等花部表型性状均大于后者;两者在花粉表面纹饰等花粉形态上也有明显差异,普通油茶花粉表面纹饰呈皱波—穴网状,小果油茶花粉表面纹饰呈皱波状;普通油茶花粉活力(日均66.53%)高于小果油茶(61.78%),但两者开花后花粉活力变化和日变化趋势基本一致,开花后1-4 d的9:00-16:00花粉活力保持较高水平,为最佳传粉期;普通油茶花后柱头可授期(6 d)长于小果油茶(5 d),但两者的柱头可授性变化趋势相似,开花后1-3 d柱头活性能维持较高水平,其中花后48 h为最佳授粉时机。

In order to provide a reference for the selection of better oil-tea camellia,the flower traits,pollen characteristics and stigma receptivity of Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia meiocarpa Hu. were investigated in details. The results showed that characters such as flower color and petal of Camellia oleifera Abel. were close to that of Camellia meiocarpa Hu.,but the former phenotypic traits of coral diameter,stamen number,style length,sepal number and pollen number single-anther were higher than the latter. Their pollen grain morphology also had obvious differences. The pollen exine ornament of Camellia oleifera was rugulate-foveolate,while Camellia meiocarpa had clear wave and bump ridge. The average pollen vitality（ 66. 53%） of Camellia oleifera was higher than that of Camellia meiocarpa（ 61. 78%）,but the changes of pollen vigor after flowering and daily variation tendency of Camellia oleifera were mostly identical to that of Camellia meiocarpa. Their pollen vitality maintained at higher levels from 9： 00 to 16： 00 during the flowering day,and the best time for pollination was one to 4 days after flowering. The stigma receptivity stage of Camellia oleifera（ 6 days） was longer than that of Camellia meiocarpa（ 5 days）,but the stigma receptivity variation tendency of Camellia oleifera was similar to that of Camellia meiocarpa. The stigma activity was able to keep 1 to 3 days at high levels after flowering,and the best time for pollination was at 48 hours after flowering.