大深度饱和潜水对潜水员尿量及尿中微量元素的影响

Effects of deep saturation diving on urine volume and trace elements in the urine of the divers

目的：观察大深度饱和潜水对潜水员尿量及尿中微量元素的影响，为大深度饱和潜水作业保障及促进潜水员作业后恢复提供理论依据。方法4名健康男性潜水员参加模拟480 m氦氧饱和潜水，收集入舱前1 d、舱中19 d、出舱后1 d的24 h尿液，测定尿中钡（Ba）、钴（Co）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、铅（Pb）、锶（Sr）、锌（Zn）含量，检测结果采用LSD方差分析。结果潜水员在舱内第4、7、8、10、17、18天尿量明显高于入舱前1 d、出舱后1 d，舱内第15天尿量明显高于入舱前1 d。24 h尿中，Ba元素排泄高峰在第10、11天，第16、18、19天排泄量明显低于第1～11天排泄量；Cr及Co元素第16、18、19天排泄量明显低于第1～11天的排泄量；Fe、Mn元素排泄高峰在第10、11天，Pb元素排泄高峰在第8、10天；Sr元素排泄量相对平稳，最高峰在第12天；Zn元素排泄最高峰在第8天，后逐渐降低，第19天的排泄量最低；Cu元素排泄在第10天急剧升高，之后降低，第19天排泄量最低。结论大深度饱和潜水对潜水员尿量及尿中微量元素代谢产生影响，为更好地保障潜水员特殊作业还需加强对其研究，寻找解决方法。

Objective To observe the effects of deep saturation diving on urine volume and trace elements in the urine of the divers , so as to provide theoretical evidence for medical support of deep saturation diving operations and health promotion of divers .Methods Four male healthy divers participated in the 480 msw simulated saturation dive .Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected the day before entrance into the chamber , during their stay daily in the chamber , and the day after they came out of the chamber .The contents of Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn in the urine samples were determinated with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry , and the data obtained were analyzed with LSD variance analysis .Results Urine volumes of the divers at days 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and 18 in the chamber were significantly higher than those of both day 1 before enterance into the chamber and the day after surfacing out of the chamber .The urine volume at day 15 in the chamber was significantly higher than that of 1 day before enterance into the chamber . In the 24 h urine samples, the excretion of Ba reached peak at days 10 and 11, and urine volumes at days 16, 18, 19 were significantly lower than those at days 1-11.The excretions of Cr and Co at days 16, 18 and 19 were significantly lower than those at days 1-11.The peak excretions of Fe and Mn all appeared at days 10 and 11, and the peak excretion of Pb was at days 8 and 10.However, the peak excretion of Sr was relatively stable, reaching the peak at day 12.The peak excretion of Zn was at day 8, then decreased gradually and finally reached the bottom at day 19.The peak excretion of Cu at day 10 increased sharply , then decreased gradually and reached bottom at day 19.Conclusions Deep saturation diving exerted certain effects on the urine volume and the metabolism of trace elements in urine in divers .Further research efforts should be made in＆nbsp;this respect, so as to provide better medical support and promote the health of divers in special diving operations .