职务发明报酬纠纷中的若干法律问题

On the Legal Issues of Service Invention Rewards Dispute

发明完成地与职务发明创造具有最密切联系,职务发明报酬纠纷案件应当适用发明创造完成地法律。发明创造的完成地,并非要求发明的整体技术方案及其各个部分均须在某地完成,其中部分技术贡献的完成地,也应当认定为发明完成地之一。"中央集权"式的知识产权管理模式,是基于跨国企业内部协议产生,并不能否定发明人依据法律规定而享有的合法权利。对于发明申请专利之前即转移的,可认定为专利申请权的转移,类推适用《专利法》关于被授予专利权单位应向职务发明人支付合理报酬的规定。用人单位关于职务发明报酬的规章制度,实质上是单位与员工之间的合同约定,只要经过协商一致,应当认定有效,但职务发明报酬具体数额是否合法有效取决于计算依据和计算过程是否客观准确。

The place completing the invention has the closest relation with the service invention, so the dispute of service invention rewards shall apply the law of the place completing the invention. It is not necessary that the whole invention should be completed in one place, and the completing place of the part of the invention must be identified as the place completing the invention. The centralized IP management mode is generated by the internal convention of the multinational company and it cannot eliminate the legal rights of the inventor. The transfer of invention before patent application can be viewed as the transfer of the right of patent application and could apply the related articles of Patent Law requiring the work unit to pay the rewards of service invention by analogy. The rules and regulations about service invention rewards of the work unit are substantially the convention between work unit and employees and are legally effective after reaching a negotiated consensus. Whether the specific amount of the service rewards is legally effective depends on the accuracy and objectivity of the calculation basis and process.