未成年人运动伤害归责原则的法经济学分析

Analysis on Liability Principle of Juvenile Sports Injury from the Perspective of the Economics of Law

通过分析未成年人运动伤害事故时,教育机构和未成年学生及其监护人在严格责任和过错责任两种归责原则下的博弈行为选择,可以判断出过错责任原则对教育机构、未成年学生及其监护人的行为进行调整则更有利于社会福利。过错推定原则降低了案件的归责成本,减少了因果关系认定的成本,减少了弱者的举证成本。依据未成年人的年龄、民事行为能力的不同,幼儿园、中小学校或者其他教育机构在运动伤害事故中的侵权责任分别采取过错责任原则和过错责任推定原则是合理的。

By analyzing strict liability and fault liability ofeducational institutions, underage students and their guardians,we may find that the principle of fault liability is more profitable to the society in adjus- ting behaviors. In addition,the principle of fault presumption can lower the cost in judging the case, re- duce the economic burden in identifying causal relationship, and decrease the cost of proof for the weak side. Therefore,according to the age of the underage students and their capacity for civil conduct, it is reasonable for the kindergartens, schools or other educational institutions to adopt the principle of fault liability and the principle of fault presumption in school sports injury accidents.