竹茹多糖提取工艺优化及其理化性质分析

Extraction and physicochemical properties of the polysaccharides from bamboo shavings

以蒸汽爆破预处理后的竹茹为研究对象,采用水提醇沉法提取竹茹多糖,在单因素实验基础上进行正交实验优化粗多糖的制备,粗多糖经过复溶、过滤、二次醇沉等处理纯化得到精制竹茹多糖,并对其理化性质进行分析测试。竹茹多糖提取的优化工艺参数为:料液比1∶15(g/m L),提取温度100℃,提取时间2.5 h,粗多糖得率为2.65%;粗多糖进一步精制获得纯度为80.75%的精制竹茹多糖(BSP),得率为2.25%。理化性质分析结果表明,BSP的化学组成主要有多糖(80.75%)、木质素(5.45%)和酚酸(3.21%),BSP的单糖组成主要有木糖和葡萄糖,重均分子量约为7.6 ku,BSP水溶液为假塑性流体。

Steam explosion was applied in the pretreatment of bamboo shavings. Hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation were employed to extract the polysaccharides from steam-exploded bamboo shavings. Orthogonal test L9（3^4） was taken based on single-factor experiments to optimize the preparation of crude polysaccharides, which was further purified by redissolution,centrifugation and second ethanol precipitation to obtain the refined bamboo-shaving polysaccharides （BSP）, and the physicochemical properties of BSP were analyzed. The extraction condition was optimized as follows -solid-liquid ratio 1：15 （g/mL）, extraction time 2,5 h, extraction temperature 100 ℃. Under the condition,the yield of crude polysaccharides was 2.65%. Crude polysaccharides were further refined to get BSP with the purity being 80.75% ,yield being 2.25%. Physicochemical analyses showed that,the main chemical composition of BSP was polysaccharide（80.75%）,lignin （5.45%） and phenolic acid（3.21%） ,the main monosaccharide composition of BSP was glucose and xylose,with the average molecular weight being about 7.6 ku,and the solution of BSP was a kind of pseudoplastic fluid.