乡村地域多功能时空格局演变及影响因素研究——以江苏省为例

Temporal Evolution and Spatial Differentiation of Rural Territorial Multifunctions and the Influencing Factors:the Case of Jiangsu Province

以经济发达的江苏省为例,采用价值评价方法核算1990、1995、2000、2005和2010年乡村地域生态保育、农业生产、工业发展、社会保障功能及其综合价值,分析时间演变与空间分异规律,解析关键影响因素。结果表明:乡村地域综合功能价值呈现快速增长态势,工业发展功能增速最快且始终占主导地位;生态保育功能相对集中于苏北和苏南,农业生产和社会保障功能集中于苏北,工业发展功能则集中于苏南;综合功能重心位于地理中心南偏东方向,呈钟摆式移动态势,各类地域功能重心位置和移动过程存在明显差异;政策导向及经济社会发展是影响综合功能及各类功能时间变化和空间差异的主要原因。

With the rapid economic development, social progress, and land use change in rural regions, rural territorial function and development orientation show more significant spatial differentiation and diversification.Taking the well-developed Jiangsu Province as a case, this article identified 4 rural territorial functions, i.e.,ecological conservation, agricultural production, industrial development and social security, and calculated their values at county level in the years of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010, quantitatively. The temporal evolution and spatial differentiation of rural territorial functions were studied, and the influencing factors were also analyzed. The main results were presented： 1） the values of rural territorial function increased fast since1990, and the value in 2010 was about 23 times as much as that in 1990; 2） although the multifunctional feature of rural territorial function was evident, the function of industrial development was always of significant dominance and increased faster than the other functions; 3） the spatial agglomeration degrees of four rural territorial functions were low with variant agglomerative areas, that was, ecological conservation function mainly distributed at northern and southern parts, industrial development function was mainly distributed at the southern part, agricultural production and social security functions were mainly distributed at northern part; 4） the gravity centers of rural territorial function moved in pendulum style at the southeast direction of the geographic center, and the gravity centers of 4 kind of sub-functions were at different directions of the gravity centers of rural territorial function; and 5） the regional policies, natural geographical characteristics, spatial location and economic development were the main influencing factors of the temporal evolution and spatial differentiation of rural territorial functions. This article could provide a scientific reference for identifying the rural development orientation, promoting the differential development, enhancing the characteristics and competitiveness of different counties.