国际旅行卫生保健中心资源配置的分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of resource allocation of International Travel Healthcare Centers in entry-exit inspection and quarantine system

目的深入了解检验检疫系统国际旅行卫生保健中心(简称"保健中心")现有资源配置情况,以期为保健中心口岸核心能力建设及技术保障职责的有效落实提供参考。方法选取全国31个省、市检验检疫系统直属保健中心及部分分中心,通过对基本情况、专业人员队伍、基础设施建设、经费使用、实验室检测能力、口岸技术保障能力等内容的调研,排摸各地保健中心资源配置基本情况。结果共计138家保健中心被纳入研究,其中直属保健中心35家,保健分中心103家,按照地区将其划分为沿海、沿边及内地3类。109家保健中心的科室配置齐全,占被调查保健中心总数的78.99%,不齐全的保健中心大部分是缺少采痰室。沿边及内地保健中心采痰室配置率及相应的结核杆菌检测能力均较低。沿海、沿边及内地地区具有医学背景的在编工作人员数占全体在编职工总数的比例分别为79.55%(922/1159)、70.99%(186/262)、74.30%(185/249)。被调查保健中心中,人员资质齐全的保健中心占全部被调查保健中心的90.58%,人员资质不齐全的保健中心主要是缺少妇科和咨询岗位医生。共计131个中心(94.93%)未配备精神科医生。保健中心具备高级职称的人员占13.74%(415/3020);具备中级职称的人员占37.02%(1118/3020);具备初级职称的人员占38.25%(1155/3020)。结论全国现有各地保健中心配置存在一定不均衡现状,资源配置不足现象仍存在,保健中心需通过加强队伍建设、加大基础设施建设、完善机制建设等多方面提升各级保健中心作为卫生检疫技术保障部门的整体实力。

Objective To get a deep insight into the resource allocation of International Travel Healthcare Centers in entry-exit inspection and quarantine system, and to provide the basis for construction of core capacity and imple-mentation of technological support capability. Methods The research of resource allocation, including fundamentals,professionals, infrastructure, funding, laboratory testing capacity, technical support capability were conducted in se-lected centers. Results 139 centers recruited were divided into coastal, border and inland units according to the location. The number of centers with complete departments was 109（78.99%）, while the incomplete departments lacked sputum room. The detective capability on mycobacterium tuberculosis of coastal units was better than that of border and inland units. The proportion of staff with medical background in coastal, border and inland centers was79.55%（922/1159）,70.99%（186/262）,74.30%（185/249）, respectively. The proportion of centers with fully qualified professionals was 90.58%.The lack of gynecology and consulting doctors was the main gap. 94.93% of the centers had no psychiatrist. The proportion of professionals with senior, middle and primary titles was 13.74%（415/3020）,37.02%（1118/3020）and 38.25%（1155/3020）, respectively. Conclusion Unbalanced development of resource allocation capacity was found among those centers in different regions. The phenomenon of allocation resources shortage still existed. The overall technical capacity of international travel and healthcare centers should be enhanced through im-provement of mechanism construction, strengthen of professional capacity building and more investment in infrastructure.