超越进步叙事和相对主义:康吉兰的科学哲学

Beyond Progressive Narration and Relativisim: Canguilhem's Philosophy of Science

作为20世纪法国科学史家和科学哲学家的重要代表之一,康吉兰的思想价值仍在不断地发掘中。以前的研究,大都将康吉兰置于法国的认识论传统中,在视野上往往受到欧陆—英美哲学阵营分化的限制。本文将从哲学交流和对话的语境来凸现康吉兰的思想价值:一方面,康吉兰的科学哲学将巴什拉的认识论思想付诸生命科学的研究,发展并修正了巴什拉的思想。在这个方面,他打破了实证主义的进步叙事。另一方面,在对库恩的批判中,康吉兰坚持了一种认识论立场,并与相对主义保持了距离。康吉兰的科学哲学包含着两个哲学阵营之间的批判性对话的成果。

As one important fi gure of the French historians and philosophers of science in the 20 th century, Canguilhem＇s value is constantly being unearthed now. Placed in the French epistemology, previous studies of Canguilhem was by large limited by the polarization of European continent and Anglo-American philosophical camps. This paper puts Canguilhem in the communication and dialogue between the two camps, showing that Canguilhem＇s philosophy of science succeeded his teacher Bachelard＇s scientific epistemology and applied it to the study of life science on one hand, and in this aspect, he broke through the narration of positivism, on the other. In his critique of Kuhn, Canguilhem held on an epistemological stance and kept distant from relativism. All in all, Canguilhem＇s philosophy of science indicates the valuable fruits of the critical dialogue between the two philosophical camps.