卢梭的“自然人”理论和反异化思想

Rousseau's Theory of “Natural Man” and His Anti-alienation Thought

"人"是卢梭全部思想的核心和基础,也是卢梭整个自然美学理论的基础。卢梭提出了"现代人"和"自然人"这一对概念,"现代人"是现代文明造成的现实的分裂的人性状态。"自然人"则指文明产生以前的理想的人,具有完整的人性和朴素的审美趣味。"回归自然"首先是要使被异化了的"现代人"变成"自然人"。这一学说试图弥合人与自然已经断裂的精神纽带,连接这些已然分裂的精神要素,使分裂和断裂的程度达到最小化,体现了最早的审美现代性观照下的浪漫主义和谐美的思想。在西方思想史上,卢梭第一次提出了人的异化问题,并且提出用"自然人"来解决这一问题。卢梭所开创的这一思路成为现代性反思的一个重要内容。

The term ＂man＂ forms the core and base of Rousseau＇s whole thoughts and meanwhile serves as the foundation of Rousseau＇s natural aesthetics. The ＂modern man＂ put forward by Rousseau means the fi ssion of human nature by modern civilization, while the ＂natural man＂ refers to the ideal man with complete humanity and simple aesthetic taste before civilization. The idea of ＂returning to nature＂ is fi rst of all to render the alienated ＂modern man＂ into ＂natural man＂. Rousseau＇s theory attempts to restore the broken spiritual bonds between man and nature, and to reduce the damage to the greatest extent, which manifests the idea of romanticism and harmony of the early modern aesthetic dream. In the history of Western thoughts, it is Rousseau who fi rst thought seriously about the problem of human alienation and who advocated the idea of ＂natural man＂ to solve the problem. Rousseau＇s thought has become an important part for modern refl ection.