赫莎·埃尔顿:杰出的英国女科学家

Hertha Ayrton: The Outstanding British Female Scientist

赫莎·埃尔顿,英国物理学家、工程师、数学家。因为电弧和沙纹方面的原创性工作,她获得了1906年休斯奖章,1902年,赫莎作为第一名女性被提名加入英国皇家学会,但由于其已婚妇女的身份被拒绝。她与居里夫人有着密切的交往,晚年时她参加了一系列英国妇女参政活动。文章通过对赫莎的生平和学术成就的详细梳理,反映出20世纪初英国社会对女科学家的认同与评价。

Hertha Ayrton, is the famous physicist, engineer and mathematician in Britain. In 1906, she was awarded the Hughes Medal for her original research work on the electric arc and sand ripples. In addition, she was also the fi rst female candidate nominated for the Royal Society in 1902, however, she was declared ineligible for the fellowship because she was married. She also maintained close friendship with Madame Curie. In her late years, she devoted herself to a series of women＇s suffrage movements. This article thoroughly sorts out Hertha＇s life and academic contributions and refl ects the approval and appraisal for female scientists in the British society in the early 20 th century.