临沂地区1956-2002年流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行病学分析

目的:分析临沂地区1956-2002年流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行趋势,探讨该地区流脑发病率与气象因素的关系。方法:收集临沂地区自1956年至2002年间流行性脑脊髓膜炎的逐月发病资料及同时期气象资料,分析流脑发病率的长期变化趋势、周期性和季节性特点;并分析流行强度与平均气温、平均气压、相对湿度、降雨量、日照时数、平均风速等气象因素的相关性。结果:1956-2002年临沂地区流行性脑脊髓膜炎病例共计220067例,截至到1982年12月共有216694例,占总病例数的98.47%;自1983年开始,每年流脑发病率明显降低。流脑发病以2-4月为发病高峰期。某些月份流脑的发病率与气温和风速呈现明显的负相关。结论:流脑的发病具有明显的季节性,且与某些气象因素具有一定的相关性。流脑疫苗的应用有效的降低了临沂地区流脑的发病率。

To analyze the trend of the epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis(ECM) of Liyi city in the duration of 1956-2002, and to investigate the relationship between ECM and some meteorological factors. Method: the data of ECM, meteorological parameters, and population from 1995-2002 in Linyi were collected.The trend, cyclicality, and seasonality characteristics, and the relationships between ECM and meteorological parameters such as temperature, pressure, weed speed, cloud, etc were analyzed. Result: a total of 220067 ECM cases were collected between 1956-2002 years, and about 216694 between 1956-1982 years. The cases of ECM were significantly decreased since 1983. Most cases of ECM occurred in February to April, while significant associations were detected between ECM and temperature and weed speed. Conclusion: There was obvious seasonal characteristic for ECM cases, and the incidence of ECM could be influenced by some meteorological parameters. The application of ECM vaccine led to the dramatic decline of the ECM cases.