奇山秀水美天下——论绍兴石宕园林的代表作东湖的理景艺术

Graceful Scenery of Mountains and Water——On the Art of the Quarry Garden of the East Lake in Shaoxing

位于会稽山北麓的绍兴城,多孤丘石山。城市的发展推动了石山的开采,遗留的石宕不乏奇异的洞壑深潭之景,后人以此为园,终成越中名胜,是为绍兴石宕园林。绍兴石宕园林有着悠久的历史,独特的山水审美与理景艺术,而绍兴东湖作为其中的典型代表,尤为突出。故以东湖园林为例,探讨其理景艺术与中国传统山水绘画之间的诸多关联,体悟其为园的画卷叙事性,并配合层次化的游览路径,阐释其内部的空间形态与审美意趣。简言之,绍兴石宕园林的形成与发展基于绍兴人对石宕遗址的审美、尊重及保护,而绍兴东湖作为以石宕为园的佳例,在审美与理景方面有其完整性,故不妨以此为窗,去了解认识绍兴石宕园林。

Shaoxing is located in the northern foot of Kuaiji Mountain, where there are many isolated rock-hills. With the development of the city, these isolated rock-hills were mined. The abandoned quarries left a lot of fantastic water-rock landscape, and the descendants of Shaoxing used these ruins to build gardens, making them to be local famous landscape eventually. This type of gardens can be called the Quarry Gardens of Shaoxing, which have long history, unique landscape aesthetics and garden art, and the East Lake is the representative of them. This paper takes the East Lake as the example to introduce its connection with traditional Chinese landscape paintings and gardens which are the basis of the creation of the site. The picture-scroll narrative of the lake is much examined by providing progressive tour paths. Overall, the success of the formation and development of the Quarry Gardens of Shaoxing, especially the East Lake, is to deal with residual landscape by respecting the current situations, protecting the rocks and inputting diverse space experience for the outstanding scenery combination. So it can be a window to understand the Quarry Gardens of Shaoxing.