海的土地——黄金时代北荷兰省湖床圩田景观分析

Land from the Sea: Landscape Architectural Analysis of Lake Bed Polders in North Holland during Golden Age

湖床圩田是荷兰最能代表其围垦成就和最具乡土景观特征的圩田类型,并深刻地影响了荷兰的水管理体系和城镇规划设计传统。17世纪是湖床圩田形成的主要时期,并主要集中在北荷兰省。从早期圩田的开垦、荷兰文艺复兴的影响、水利技术的发展等方面论述17世纪北荷兰省湖床圩田发展的背景,接着介绍了湖床圩田的开垦方式和过程,列举了具有代表性的圩田实例,并从风景园林的角度加以剖析圩田和花园之间的关系,最后,总结了湖床圩田对荷兰的水利景观、城镇设计的影响。

Lake bed polders are the most representative of its reclamation achievements and the types full of vernacular landscape features, which have a profound impact on the Dutch water management systems and urban planning and design tradition. The main lake bed polders formation was during the 17 th century and concentrated in North Holland province. From the introduction of the early aspects of reclaimed polders, the impact of the Dutch Renaissance and hydrological technology development, the article discusses 17th-century North Holland lake bed polder development background, and then introduces the lake bed polder reclamation methods and process with the cases of representative polders, as well as analyzing the relationship between the polder and garden from the perspective of landscape architecture, and summing up the affect of the lake bed on Dutch polder landscape water conservation and urban design.