从乡村到乡土:当代中国的乡村建设

From Rural to Country:Rural Reconstruction in Contemporary China

近代以来，中国的乡村建设在不同历史时期，面对不同的社会经济背景、困境、发展诉求，呈现不同的发展方式和发展结果。伴随着中国高速的城镇化，乡村建设重又回到人们视野。但是，今日的乡村不同于彼时的乡村，“城一乡”关系也不同于传统的“城一乡”关系，“乡土”也因此有了特别的含义。

Beginning from the modern era, China＇s rural construction has taken on different forms of development and demonstrated varying results due to the differing socio-economic circumstances, predicaments and developmental aspirations. The rapid urbanization China is undergoing has brought rural construction back into focus. Yet, what is meant by ＇rural＇ is different today. And the ＇urban-rural＇ relations are also different from what they once were in a more traditional setting. The term ＇country＇ thus takes on a special significance. Therefore, today＇s rural construction movement is called Rural Reconstruction. In fact, the terms ＇rural＇ and ＇country＇ are interrelated yet distinct from each other. In recent years, quite a few planners and architects are participating in the construction practice in rural areas by designing for a rural context. What needs to be pointed out is the fact that such in situ practice shouldnot be equated with rural reconstruction, which is more concerned with the reconstruction of agriculture, sustenance of agricultural civilization, economic development, the reconstruction of social organization and social order, reconstruction of the rural environment and the reconfiguration of urban-rural relations. From rural reconstruction to a revival of the country, it is not simply a matter of design, but a social issue that encompasses a wide range of issues, from economic to industrial, from cultural, social to built environment.