圩田景观研究 形态、功能及影响探讨

Polder Landscape Study Discussion on Form, Function and Impact

圩田指在河湖沼泽等低洼地区人工筑堤形成的农田,在我国南方地区分布较为广泛,是我国典型的乡土景观。本文基于风景园林的视角,论述圩田以圩堤、河渠、堰闸为核心的形态结构,以分区分类为特色的土地利用模式和与圩田水利紧密相关的聚落分布特征;总结圩田的生产、生态和文化功能;然后举例论证圩田对于我国传统造园尤其是对于地处湖泊湿地基址的风景营建的影响;最后,通过纵向和横向类比,探讨和推断圩田对我国河网地带传统城市布局形态的影响。

Polder refers to farmland formed by artificial dikes in low-lying marsh areas. As a typical vernacular landscape, it is widely distributed in southern China. From the perspective of landscape architecture, this paper discussed the morphology of polders with the core of dykes, canals and weir gates, the land use patterns featured by partition and classification, as well as the characteristics of settlement distribution closely related with the polder water conservancy. It summarized the production, ecology and culture functions of polder and listed examples to indicate the polders＇ impact on Chinese traditional gardening especially for sites located in the lakes and wetlands. At last, through vertical and horizontal analogy, the paper discussed and inferred the polder＇ s impact on the traditional layout of the city in the river zone.