文化线路的概念比较——UNESCO WHC、ICOMOS、EICR相关理念的不同

Comparisons on the Concept of Cultural Routes——The Different Ideas Among UNESCO World Heritage Committee, ICOMOS and European Institute of Cultural Routes

2008年国际古迹遗址理事会发布了《文化线路宪章》,2013年欧洲文化线路委员会发布了《"欧洲文化线路"授予条件修订》,2013年世界遗产委员会修订了新的《实施<世界遗产公约>操作指南》。作为研究"文化线路"的主要三大国际机构,在各自发布的文件中对文化线路这一类型遗产的"术语"和相关描述存在一定差异。对上述机构的发布的最新文件提取关键词和核心思想,通过比较研究,指出,ICOMOS和世界遗产委员会的定义,是以文化线路自身的"遗产属性"为出发点,进而详细界定文化线路的各项本质特性;而欧洲文化线路委员会则在近30年的研究与实践之后,逐渐重视遗产保护与社会发展的关系,其定义以文化线路的"社会属性"为出发点,强调文化线路对欧洲当代社会发展的意义。充分辨析、比较三者的核心理念,有助于深化对文化线路概念和意义的理解。

ICOMOS released The ICOMOS Charter on Cultural Routes in 2008, and the European Institute of Cultural Routes released the Rules for the Award of the “Cultural Route of the Council of Europe” Certification Revised in 2013, and UNESCO World Heritage Committee released the latest Operational Guidelines in 2013. As the three main institutions in research of Cultural routes, they have their own concept of Cultural Routes, which is different from each other in the way of naming and describing the “Cultural Route”. With comparisons towards their main documents, it can be found that ICOMOS and UNESCO World Heritage Centre emphasize the “heritage attribute” of Cultural Routes, however, the European Institute of Cultural Routes gives more sight on the “society attribute”, which reflects their experience along 30 years’ practices in research and conservation of Cultural Routes. Bounding the three concepts together and enhancing the understanding of Cultural Routes are important to the protection and conservation in China.