华佗“六部三法”伤寒学说的历史意义

Historic significance of Hua Tuo's theory of "Six Parts" and "Three Methods" in cold pathogenic diseases

东汉末年 ,华佗与张仲景在互不相识的情况下 ,都对伤寒病的证治规律 ,做了深刻的探讨 ,这固然是由于他们术业精湛 ,同时也说明了当时伤寒病的危害之深广。仲景《伤寒论》的成就 ,历代医家都有研究和继承。华佗伤寒“六部传变”学说 ,不同于《素问·热论》和《伤寒论》 ,不是以六经辨证平列证候 ,而是一套描述外感热病由表及里、由浅入深、自上而下的辨证规律 ,可以说是卫气营血辨证、三焦辨证的滥觞 ;华佗以“汗吐下”三法治疗伤寒 ,临床手段十分丰富 ;华佗所说“胃烂斑出” ,受到温病学家的重视 ,至今仍有临床指导价值 。

In the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, Hua Tuo and Zhang Zhongjing explored deeply and separately the diagnostic and therapeutic principles of cold pathogenic diseases, though they didn't know each other. This was not only because of their excelsior spirit, but also showed the severity of cold pathogenic diseases at that time. The doctors in past dynasties researched and inherited the achievements of Zhongjing's Shang han lun (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases). The theory of Hua Tuo's 'transformation of diseases by six parts' was different from Su wen re lun (Discussion on Heat in Plain Questions). It doesn't put 6-channel theory equally, but giving a series of rules for diagnosing the syndromes transforming from superficies to interior, from the surface to the bottom, and from upper to lower which is the beginning of wei -q i -y ing -x ue differential diagnosis and three-jiao differential diagnosis. Hua Tuo treated cold pathogenic disorders by 'sweating, emesis, and catharsis' with abundant clinical approaches. Hua Tuo's idea of 'rotten stomach with petechiae' was valued by scholars of warm disorders and of clinical significance even today.