普通乡村聚落更新中传统民居保护修缮设计——从安徽金寨徐家大院谈起

THE PROTECTIVE RENOVATION DESIGN OF THE TRADITIONAL RESIDENCE IN THE RENEWAL PROCESS OF ORDINARY RURAL SETTLEMENT: AN EXAMPLE OF XU'S GRAND COURTYARD IN JINZHAI ANHUI

中国乡村的绝大多数都是名不见经传的普通乡村。在普通乡村聚落更新中,一些历经劫难而存留下来的传统民居往往难逃被废弃或拆毁的命运。这些逐渐消逝的老房子凝聚着朴素的生活智慧与醇厚的乡土文化,对它们进行保护性修缮并赋予其新的功能,是对传统技艺与文化的传承,是对"乡愁"的守望,更是对"新农村"的追根溯源和特色营建。徐家大院位于安徽省金寨县吴家店镇,为徐氏家族公屋,天津大学AA创研工作室通过田野考察和实地测绘对徐家大院进行历史考证、质量评估和特色研究,确定妥善合理的修缮更新策略,在延续满足公屋宗族集会空间要求的基础上,植入村落历史展览功能,并结合残垣断壁和地基遗存进行景观再设计,使徐家大院在展示村落历史与民俗、传播乡土文化同时,成为周边新聚落、新民宅设计的灵感来源。

The ordinary village accounts for most Chinese rural area. In their renewal, some remnant traditional residences have usually been abandoned or destroyed. The fading old houses embody rich vernacular culture and the wisdom of life, so the protective renovation and new function introduction is a way to inherit traditional art and cultural, to retain the hometown memories, as well as trace the source of the ＂new socialist countryside＂ and develop their own distinctiveness. Xu＇s Grand Courtyard locating in Jinzhai, Anhui Province is the family＇s public housing. Based on the result of field investigation and spot mapping, the AA Creation and Research Studio in Tianjin University studies the history, quality and features of the courtyard and proposes valid protection and renovation strategies. Besides keeping the basic function of the ancestral hall, the village history exhibition function is added in and the foundation remains is used in the landscape redesign. In this way,the house becomes a place to exhibit village history and folklore and a place to spread vernacular culture, which can also bring enormous inspiration to the design of new dwellings.