非正式学习场所——常被遗忘但对学生学习非常重要;是时候做新的设计思考!

Informal Learning Places-Oft Forgotten yet Important Places for Student Learning;Time for a Design Rethink!

几百年来美国校园都在遵循一种基于工厂模式的特定教学模型~1。许多与之相应、提供学习空间的建筑和规划都反映出这一焦点,而且至今仍未改变。当今的校园正经历强烈变革,许多学者都已著文探讨这些冲击性因素。在此变革的漩涡中,需要考虑的一个主要因素是要认识到,如果高等教育机构的目标是为了获得、并保持与时俱进,那么必须改变学生的面对面体验。在学习中,参与是关键^(2,3,4)。《学生参与度全国调查》的研究审视了在校园多重领域中的参与因素,并将成果分享在不同报告中~5。"正式学习场所"指的是结构化的,或者由老师指导的课堂体验,而非正式的指的是主要由学生自我指导的学习场所。本文将:(1)在侧重非正式学习空间的前提下提供这些学习场所类型的定义;(2)分享有关冲击性因素动向的见解;(3)提出一个研发的四象限理论框架,以支持在非正式学习环境中的参与性学习行为;(4)提供一些能够体现研究洞见及设计原则的"有启发性的设计概念";(5)最后,分享一些应用这些概念的建成案例。非正式学习场所的有目的性设计,对于建筑设计以及高等教育机构思考学生参与度与保有率来说,都是一个非常重要的方向。

For hundreds of years American campuses have followed a particular teaching structure based on a factory model . The corresponding architecture of many buildings and plans for learning places reflect this focus and nothing＇ s changed. Today cam- puses are bracing for tumultuous change. Many authors have written about these disruptors. A major factor to consider in this swirl of change is recognizing that if intuitions of higher learning are to garner and then maintain relevance, the face-to-face experience for students must change. Engagement in one＇ s learning is key 2,3.4. Research from the National Survey of Student Engagement looked at engagement factors in a variety of areas across a campus and shares its work in reportss . The formal learning place refers to the structured classroom experiences, or teacher-directed, where as the informal refers to more student-directed learning places. This article will： （1） offer definitions of these categories with the article＇ s focus on the informal place, （2） share insights around the dis- rupter trends, （3） suggest a research-developed, four-quadrant theoretical framework for supporting engaged learning behaviors in informal settings, （4） provide some ＇thought starter design ideas＇ reflecting the research insights and design principles, and finally （5） share some finished examples of places where these ideas are flourishing. The intentional design of the informal learning places is a very important direction for architecture and post-secondary institutions alike to consider for student engagement and retention.