吉林蛟河针阔混交林物种组成与结构

Composition and Community Structure of Mixed Broadleaf-conifer Forest Species in Jiaohe, Jilin Province

为研究针阔混交林的树种组成和演替规律,在吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局大坡林场设立了面积为21.84 hm2(420 m×520 m)的长期监测样地,对样地树种组成进行群落学统计,并用角尺度分析优势树种的空间分布格局。样地共有活个体数32268株,不包括分枝的活个体数30310株,隶属于18科28属47种,北温带分布属占主体,属长白山植物区系。径级结构分析表明,胡桃楸、水曲柳、大果榆、春榆、色木槭、裂叶榆、白牛槭、红松等8个物种在样地内占有绝对优势,属于该群落的优势种。水曲柳、胡桃楸呈现近似正态分布,其余优势树种呈现倒"J"形或者"L"型分布,表明样地内树种更新良好。样地所有林木个体呈现聚集分布格局,不同树种以及不同树种在不同发育阶段的格局分布有所不同,红松与胡桃楸所有个体为随机分布,其余优势树种为聚集分布;除了DBH>10 cm的胡桃楸、色木槭以及DBH≤10 cm的红松为随机分布外,其余树种在各径阶均为聚集分布。从树种组成和分布格局可知,蛟河针阔混交林树种丰富、群落处于演替早期阶段,具有较高保护价值。

To further analyze research succession and species composition of the mixed forest, a permanentmonitoring plot of 21.84 hm2（420 m × 520 m） in forest region of Dapo Forestry Station of Jiaohe ForestryExperimentation Administrative Bureau was established, in which all trees were sized by diameter breastheight（DBH） and mapped. There were 30310 genotype individuals and 32268 individuals with branch,belonging to 47 species, 28 genera and 18 families. The analysis of size-class distribution showed that pioneerspecies Acer mandshuricum, Juglans mandshurica, Acer mono, Pinus koraiensis, Ulmus macrocarpa, Ulmus japonica, Fraxinus mandschurica and Ulmus laciniata were obviously dominant species. Different speciesshowed different structure types： partial normal, invert＂J＂distribution or even＂L＂distribution. The mean neighborhood pattern showed that different species and diameter classes had different spatial distributionpatterns. All the individuals among the Pinus Koraiensis and Juglans mandshurica forest were randomlydistributed, and other dominant tree species were clumped distributed; the rest were clumped distributed atdifferent DBH classes except the random distribution of the Juglans mandshurica and the Acer mono with DBH above 10 cm and Pinus koraiensis with DBH below 10 cm. According to compositions and distributions of thespecies, there were abundant species of coniferous and mixed broad-leaved forest in Jiaohe, in addition, thecommunity was at an early stage of succession, which had a high value of protection.