果树根系分布研究进展

Research Progress of the Root Distribution

根系是植物重要的器官之一,果树根系的好坏直接影响到果树吸收土壤中水分及养分的能力,进而影响到果树的产量及果实的品质。目前主要采用间接法和直接法对根系进行研究,综述现有研究成果显示:果树根系分布主要集中于某一区域内,整体上呈现随着距离的增加而逐渐减少的趋势;不同种类的植物或同类植物的不同品种对根系分布影响较大;平地较坡地根系生物量大,且分布较深而阳面根系分布较少;根系生长具有向水向肥性,土壤含水率及养分含量增加,根系亦一定程度增大;根系生长具有时间变异性,不同树龄或同一树龄的不同时间段根系分布也是不同的;种植模式、种植密度、定植方式和农艺措施对果树根系分布也有重要影响;不同的灌溉技术,土壤水分分布区域不同,果树根系分布范围亦不同。并进一步指出,现阶段根系分布研究中存在的问题,提出相应的解决方法,以期为果树根系的进一步研究提供参考。

Root system is one of the important organs of plants. Whether the roots grow well or badly directlyaffects roots＇ ability in absorbing water and nutrients from soils, and also affects yield and quality of fruits. Atpresent, study on roots mainly adopts direct and indirect methods. Research summary showed that roots of fruittrees mainly distributed in a certain area, and displayed a decreasing trend with the increase of distance.Different plant species or different varieties of the same species had great effect on roots distribution. Plantsgrown on plain areas had deeper and higher root biomass than those on slope lands. Roots grew up towardswater and fertilizer, so increase of water and fertilizer led to growth of roots. Roots growth also varied with thechanging of time, which meant trees of different ages or same tree age in different stages had different rootsdistribution. Different planting patterns, planting densities, agronomic measures, irrigation techniques and soilswith different water distribution also had important effect on roots distribution. The paper pointed out problemsexisting in current studies on roots distribution and suggested corresponding solutions, so as to providereferences for further study.