基于遥感数据的喀什市生态因子特征分析

Eco-Factor Feature Analysis in Kashgar City Based on Remote Sensing Data

分析城市生态敏感性因子及其分布特征,在进行城市环境管理,制定区域社会经济发展政策等方面具有重要作用。以喀什市为研究对象,选取坡度、高程、植被覆盖指数(NDVI)、土地利用类型及水体等5个生态敏感性因子,Arc GIS空间分析与单因子分析法相结合,对喀什市生态因子特征进行系统分析。结果表明:高敏感区和中敏感区主要分布在植被覆盖率较高、地势和坡度低、绿化面积较大的区域,而低敏感区和不敏感区分布于地势和坡度较高的丘陵、荒地、未利用地等区域,其中因子敏感区面积最大的是水体因子,最小的为坡度因子,面积占75.46%和0.33%;从生态因子敏感性程度来看,坡度大的区域敏感性程度低,坡度小的区域则敏感性程度高,地势高的区域敏感性程度低,地势低的区域敏感性程度高;从生态因子敏感区特征来看,高度敏感区的自我恢复能力差,敏感性总体程度高;中度生态敏感区生态功能较弱、生态系统不太稳定;低度生态敏感区和不敏感区的生态系统较稳定,敏感性程度低,能承受外界因素的破坏和干扰能力强。

The analysis of city ecological sensitive factor and its distribution characteristics plays an important role in the city environmental management and the formulation of the development policies in regional society and economy. The characteristics of ecological factors in Kashgar city were analyzed using the method of ArcGIS spatial analysis and single factor analysis. 5 ecological sensitive factors were selected including slope, elevation, vegetation index （NDVI）, land use types and water. The results showed that： the high sensitive and sensitive areas mainly distributed in high NDVI, low terrain and slope and large green area, while the low sensitive and non-sensitive areas distributed in hills, uncultivated and unused lands of high terrain and Mope. The biggest proportion among the sensitive factors was the water factor, and the smallest was the slope factor, and the two factors accounted for 75.46% and 0.33%, respectively. In terms of ecological sensitive degree, the degree of sensitivity was low in the area of high slope, while it was high in the area of low slope, the sensitivity was low in the area of high terrain, while it was high in the area of low terrain. From the characteristics of ecological sensitive areas, it could be concluded that the self-recovery ability was poor in high sensitive areas,the sensibility was in high degree; the moderate and unstable ecosystem; the ecosystems of low sensitive areas had the problems of weak ecological function ecological and non- sensibility was in low degree, and the ability of bearing the external ecological sensitivity were stable, the factors＂ damage and interference was strong.