施用沼渣对玉米产量及相关农艺性状的影响

Effect of Biogas Residue on Yield and Other Agronomic Traits in Maize

笔者研究了沼渣和化肥不同施肥处理对玉米产量及主要农艺性状的影响,为以牛粪为主要原料的沼渣资源化利用及农牧沼循环农业模式提供理论依据。在海林农场白浆土试验田播种期施入经过发酵的新鲜沼渣,采取沼渣、沼渣+复合肥及复合肥3种施肥模式,施肥量设7个水平。在玉米成熟期和收获期,分别测定株高、穗位高、产量、穗长、穗粗等性状。研究结果表明,沼渣和复合肥混合施用有利于玉米生长和产量提高,其中施用复合肥使玉米穗长、穗粗分别增加17.46%、10.68%;复合肥+沼渣模式可以使玉米穗长和穗粗增加10%左右。施用沼渣可以有效降低株高和穗位高,对防御倒伏有一定作用。沼渣和化肥混施,玉米产量比对照增加50%以上。相关性分析表明,穗长和穗粗与产量性状呈极显著正相关,株高与产量性状间也呈显著正相关,表明在没有倒伏情况下,玉米植株长势越好其产量越高。沼渣可以替代一部分化肥的效应,通过与复合肥按照一定比例混合施用能够提高玉米产量,促进玉米生长。

The author studied the effects of biogas residue and fertilizers on maize yield and other main agronomic traits under different fertilization treatments and provided theoretical foundation for the resource utilization of cow dung biogas residue and the agricultural mode of farming-stockbreeding-biogas cycle. On Baijiang soil in Hailin farm, maize were cultivated with 3 different fertilizations （biogas residue, biogas residue ＋ compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer） and 7 fertilizing amounts. The height, ear height, yield, ear length and ear diameter of maize were measured. The resuhs showed that biogas residue ＋ compound fertilizer was benefit to the growth and yield of maize. And the treatment with compound fertilizer could only increase ear length and ear diameter by 17.46% and 10.68%, respectively. Biogas residue ＋ compound fertilizer treatment could increase ear length and ear diameter by about 10%. The application of biogas residue could decrease plant height and ear height, and had better effect on lodging resistance. The yield of maize could increase by 50% when applied with biogas residue ＋ compound fertilizer. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between ear length, ear diameter and the yield traits. There was