福建省花生农家品种农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Fujian Peanut Farm Varieties Based on Agronomic Traits

为了解福建省花生农家品种资源的遗传多样性,为农家品种亲本利用提供理论依据。以福建省不同地方的35份花生农家品种为材料,运用Excel软件对14个农艺性状进行数据分析,用SPSS软件进行农艺性状的相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:在考察的性状中,变异系数最大是地上果针数为73.3%,其次是单株饱果数为44.3%,出仁率的变异系数最小为5.3%。遗传多样性指数最高是单株饱果数为1.986,其次是主茎高为1.981,最低是百仁重为1.607。农艺性状相关性分析表明,结果枝数、单株结果数、单株饱果数、地下果针数与单株生产力呈极显著正相关,生育期与单株生产力呈极显著负相关。采用Ward法进行聚类结果,遗传距离阈值为12时,分为两大类群,第Ⅰ类群品种为珍珠豆型和多粒型,即疏枝亚种;第Ⅱ类群品种为普通型和龙生型,即密枝亚种。本研究表明福建省花生农家品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,其亲缘关系与栽培种花生亚种分类有关,为品种的综合利用奠定基础。

The aims were to study the genetic diversity of peanut farm varieties in Fujian Province, and provide a theoretical basis for utilization of farm variety resources. The materials were 35 peanut farm varieties from different areas in Fujian Province. Data of 14 agronomic traits were analyzed by Excel software, and correlation analysis and cluster analysis were conducted with SPSS software. The results showed that among agronomic traits, the aboveground gynophore number per plant had the largest coefficient of variance, which was 73.3%, and followed by full pod number per plant, which was 44.3%. Shelling percentage had the least coefficient of variance, which was 5.3%. The full pod number per plant had the highest index of genetic diversity, followed by main stem height, and lO0-seed weight had the lowest index of genetic diversity. The results of correlation analysis of agronomic traits showed that pod branches per plant, pod number per plant, full pod number per plant and underground ovary number per plant were positively and significantly correlated with the productivity per plant. Growth period was negatively and significantly correlated with the productivity per plant. Based on agronomic traits, 35 materials were clustered into 2 groups in the mean Euclidean distance 12.Group I included spanish type and valencia type, namely ssp. fastigiata. Group Ⅱ included virginia type and peruvian type, namely ssp. hypogaea. The result showed that the peanut farm varieties in Fujian had a rich genetic diversity, and the phylogenetic relationship was related with the classification of cultivated peanut subspecies. The results provided a basis for utilization of farm variety resources in Fujian.