不同生育时期水分胁迫对花生生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of Drought Stress on Yield and Growth and Development at Different Growth Stages of Peanut

旨在明确花生水分敏感时期,为花生进行科学合理灌溉、提高产量提供理论依据和技术指导。以中早熟大果型‘豫花9326’和早熟小果型‘豫花9936’为材料,在全自动防雨干旱棚条件下,通过人工控水的方法研究了苗期、花针期、结荚期和成熟期干旱胁迫对花生营养生长、生殖生长、产量、水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明:不同生长发育时期干旱胁迫均导致花生生长发育受抑制、产量降低。其中花针期干旱,影响最大,花针期干旱主茎高、侧枝长分别降低了42.1%、37.5%,产量降低了22.2%。其次是结荚期干旱和苗期干旱,成熟期干旱影响最小。通过对各指标的分析,苗期干旱、花针期干旱主要是影响了单株结果数,从而降低了产量;结荚期干旱、成熟期干旱则是降低了饱果率、百仁重、出仁率,进而影响了产量。本研究明确了花针期是花生对水分胁迫最为敏感的时期,对提高花生水分利用效率和我国干旱半干旱地区花生单产具有重要意义。

‘Yuhua 9326＇ and early-maturing small-fruited ‘Yuhua 9936＇ were used to investigate the impacts of drought stress on peanut yield and growth and development at four different growth stages, i.e. seedling, flowering and pegging, podding and maturing stage. The method of artificial water control in a full-automatic rainproof tank was adopted. The results indicated that water deficiency in all four stages could reduce the yield and inhibit the growth and development. The effect on flowering and pegging stage was the biggest, the main stem height and lateral branch length reduced by 42.1% and 37.5%, the yield reduction was about 22.2%, followed by the effect on seedling and podding stage, and the effect on maturing stage was the lowest. Through the analysis of various indicators, drought mainly influenced the yield at seedling, flowering and pegging stages by reducing the quality of pod; and mainly influenced the yield at podding and maturing stages by reducing the rate of plump, weight of one hundred kernel, kernel percent. This study identified that the flowering stage was the most sensitive stage to drought stress, and played an important role in water utilization efficiency in peanut production and per unit yield enhancement in arid and semi-arid areas.