植物抗旱耐盐机理的研究进展

Research Progress of Drought and Salt Resistant Mechanism of Plant

干旱、盐碱均是影响植物生长发育及作物减产的非生物胁迫因素,研究植物的抗旱性和耐盐性对农业生产和生态建设具有重要的意义。植物在受到干旱胁迫或者盐碱胁迫时,可以通过渗透物质的变化以及保护酶活性变化来响应干旱胁迫或者盐碱胁迫,从而提高植物的抗旱耐盐能力。同时许多与植物抗旱耐盐相关的基因被克隆和分析,并通过转基因技术将这些基因转到植物中异源表达,同样提高了转基因植物的抗旱耐盐能力。笔者从植物形态、生理生化水平以及活性氧清除和转录因子等方面概述了植物的抗旱和耐盐机制。

Drought and salt are abiotic stresses which affect plant growth and productivity, it is very important to research the drought and salt resistant mechanism for agricultural production and ecological building. Plant could change the osmotic substances and protective enzyme activity to improve the ability of drought and salt tolerance when suffered drought or salinity-alkalinity stress. Many genes related to plant drought and salt tolerance had been cloned and analyzed, and inserted to plant genome via transgenic technology, which could improve the ability of drought and salt resistance. This paper summarized the mechanism of drought resistance and salt tolerance from plant morphology, physiological and biochemical index, active oxygen scavenging and transcription factors and so on.