启蒙下的抉择——试论五四时期“三次论战”的历史意义

The Choice Obtained from the Enlightenment——On the Historical Significance of "the Three Debates" during the May 4th Period

马克思主义在中国的地位的确立并不是一帆风顺,而是经历了曲折斗争而逐步发展起来的。"五四时期",担负着救亡图存历史使命的中国先进知识分子,一方面承受着对走资本主义道路由渴望、怀疑到破灭的痛苦历程;另一方面,又对当时纷繁杂乱的各种社会思潮感觉无所适从,其中包括传入不久的马克思主义。"中国向何处去",中国面临着社会转型的艰难抉择。五四时期发生的"三次论战",正是伴随着这种社会转型而产生强烈思想碰撞的体现。通过论战,早期马克思主义者提出了解决中国社会问题的指导思想,即树立马克思主义旗帜、走社会主义道路和实行共产党领导下的无产阶级政权。同时,论战进一步拓宽了马克思主义的传播路径和传播群体,并初步指明了马克思主义中国化前进的方向,对之后马克思主义在中国的地位的确立具有重要的历史意义。

The establishment of the status of Marxism in China had gone through tortuous struggle. During the period of the May 4th Movement,the advanced intellectuals in China who were shouldering the historical mission of national salvation confronted the pain from desire to suspicion to collapse on the way of capitalism on the one hand. On the other hand,they felt at a loss of all the messy kinds of social thought,including Marxism which was quite new in China. ＂ Where is China going？ ＂ was the difficult choice of social transformation China facing. ＂ The Three Debates＂ which occurred during the May 4 th period was the embodiment of the strong ideological collision. Through the debates,the early Marxists initially proposed the guiding ideology to solve the social problems in China. They were to set up the banner of Marxism,to stick to socialist road and to implement the proletariat regime under the leadership of the Communist Party. Meanwhile,the debates further broadened the way to spread Marxism and its group,and initially pointed out the direction of Marxism in China. Thus they played an important role in the establishment of the status of Marxism in China.