日本战国时期村落与大名权力关系考论——以16世纪近畿地区菅浦村债务问题为例

On the Power Relationship between Villages and Daimyos in the Sengoku Period:The Debt Problem of Sugaura Village in Kinki Region in the 16^(th) Century in View

菅浦村是日本战国时期近畿地区大名浅井氏统治下的基层村落。在20世纪初的此地神社申,数量巨大的中世纪村落文书被发现。通过对相关文书的分析可知,菅浦村需要向大名浅井氏缴纳年贡和租税。当因各种原因出现滞纳年贡的情况时,通常由来自大名一方的代官浅井井伴为村落代付,但要收取巨额利息。菅浦村并不能利用大名浅井氏颁布的"德政令"来解除与代官的债务关系,而是需要将债务详细记录在案并尽力偿还。这一个案反映出,在16世纪日本战国大名与基层村落的权力关系中,大名占据主导地位,但其统治也需要利用村落內部成熟的管理机制来实行。

During the Sengoku Period(1467- 1590),the daimyos established their regional authorities throughout Japan,giving rise to a host of maturing social organizations at the village level.Hence,a study of the relations between the daimyo and village would shed light on the socio-political construction of this period.Recent Japanese research has mainly emphasized the autonomy of villages,insisting on a 'contractual' perspective in defining and describing the power relationship.This paper reflects on this stance,and takes the power relation between the Sugaura village and the daimyo of Azai clan as a specific case by looking into the former's successive delays of tributary payment.It holds that the daimyos were predominant in the power relation,while their governance was based on negotiations with the villagers.Additionally,the administrative system ' souson'(the municipality of village)strengthened the control of daimyos over villages.