PDCA循环管理模式在血站护理工作中的应用

Application of PDCA cycle management mode in nursing of blood station

目的探讨PDCA循环管理模式在血站创建优质护理服务中的应用效果。方法采用整群随机对照设计的方法，选择2013年9月至2014年8月于日照市中心血站无偿献血的4961例献血者作为研究对象。其中，于百货大楼采血服务点无偿献血的2396例献血者纳入研究组（n=2396）；同期于东港区政府广场采血服务点无偿献血的2565例献血者纳入对照组（n=2565）。两组献血者献血前体检结果均符合《献血者健康检查要求》（GB18469-2011）。对照组献血者整个采血过程实施常规护理服务；研究组献血者实施PDCA循环管理模式的护理服务。通过献血者档案信息和血站献血者满意度调查表获取献血者的基本人口学信息及其对血站护理工作的满意程度，分析比较两组献血者的基本人口学信息及满意度。结果本研究共发放献血者满意度问卷调查4961份，回收有效问卷4961份，有效回收率为100．0％。两组献血者年龄、性别构成比、文化程度、收缩压、舒张压、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和血红蛋白（HB）水平比较，差异均无统计学意义（x^2／t=0．264，0．102，0．962，0．792，1．443，1．172，0．890；P〉0．05）。研究组献血者对护理人员的服务态度、服务技术和总体评价的满意率分别为96．74％，96．41％和96．49％；均显著高于对照组的87．52％，88．23％和87．99％，且两组满意率比较，差异均有统计学意义（x^2=5．838，4．348，4．348；Pd0．05）。结论PDCA循环管理模式运用于血站护理工作中效果良好，提高了献血者满意度，值得推广应用。

Objective To discuss the applied effects of PDCA cycle management mode in increasing the quality of nursing of blood station. Methods Using the method of randomization cluster trial （RCT）, a total of 4 961 blood donors who donated blood gratuitously in Rizhao Central Blood Station from September 2013 to August 2014, were selected as the objects in this study. Among all these 4 961 donors, 2 396 donors who donated blood in department store blood service were selected as study group （n= 2 396）, and 2 565 donors who donated blood in donggang government square blood service were selected as control group （n = 2 565）. All the donors met the requirement of Blood Donorst Health Examination Standard （GB 18469-2011）. Donors in study group were using PDCA cycle management mode, meanwhile donors in control group were received usual nursing service. Personal basic demographic information of donors was collected through registration information file. The donors＇ satisfaction including service attitude, service technology and overall evaluation were collected through satisfaction questionnaires. The demographic information and satisfaction of donors were compared between two groups. Results A total of 4 961 blood donors＇ satisfaction questionnaires were distributed and all of them were recovered and effective. The effective recovery rate was 100.0%. There were no statistical differences in age, gender ratio, education level, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） level and hemoglobin （HB） level between two groups （x^2/t=0. 264, 0. 102, 0. 962, 0. 792, 1. 443, 1. 172, 0. 890; P〉0.05）. Satisfaction rate of service attitude, service technology and overall evaluation in study group were 96.74%, 96.41% and 96.49% respectively, which were significantly higher than 87.52%, 88.23% and 87.99% of control group （x^2= 5. 838, 4. 348, 4. 3482 P〈0.05）. Conclusions The application of PDCA cycle management in nursing of blood station could increase the donors＇ satisfaction, and thus deserves to popularize in other blood stations.