关于《明夷待访录》中所体现的黄宗羲政治哲学思想的研究

The political philosophy written by Huang Zongxi in “Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu”

《明夷待访录》是我国明代末期著名思想家黄宗羲撰写的一本蕴含了丰富政治哲学思想的重要著作。该书总结了明朝衰亡的经验教训,通过对上古三代及三代以后的政治体制的比较,对秦汉以后,尤其是明代的封建专制体制进行了猛烈的抨击和批判。认为将"天下人之天下"变为"一家一姓之天下"是造成天下百姓贫困及封建王朝自身衰亡的根本原因,进而提出"天下为主,君为客"和"君为天下之大害"的重要思想,具有先进的现代启蒙思想特色。其所推崇的"三代之法"实际上即是西方世界所倡导的具有自由、民主精神的"自然法"。另外,该书中还具有大量类似社会契约论和无政府主义的思想,认为没有君主的公民社会是最健康最合理的社会,人们会自发地按照自己和他人的需求组织成一个健全、有效的社会职能体系,具有鲜明的现代色彩,非常值得我们今天学习和参考。本文将就《明夷待访录》中所体现的黄宗羲的政治哲学思想进行梳理和发微,总结其特色,并评价其优劣。同时参照在其之前的类似思想观念以及国外的相关思想理论进行对比和分析,以图达到对这一思想获得较为深刻、全面的认识和把握。

The ＂Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu＂ is an important book which concludes lots of political philosophy written by Huang Zongxi in Late Ming dynasty. The lessons learned of Ming dynasty＇ s decline and falling is being summarized by contrast the political system of the ＂ancient 3 generations＂ and the after generations in this book. In the book, Huang Zongxi thinks the root cause of the people＇ s poverty in Ming and the Ming dynasty＇ s falling is the Absolute monarchy. The ＂ancient 3 generations＇ law＂ which was thought as the best law in this book is very close to the nature law in Western countries. In addition, there are lots of social contract theory and anarchism thoughts in this book. Huang thinks if without emperor , people will spontaneously organized into a society system. These theories are very modem of which are worthy us of learning and thinking.