信息共享、应急协同与多源物资储备的关系研究

Information Sharing,Collaborative Response and Relief Supplies in Emergency Preparation

应急物资是否足量储备是影响后续救援调度的关键。现实世界的应急物资储备方式是多源的,因此多源物资的协同储备就成为应急准备阶段的关键问题。根据实地调研的数据计算出上海市某区域的交通事故的密度函数,借用需求连续随机的存储模型对该地区的最优资源存储量进行计算,发现区域内应急救援物资储备的绝对数量不足,而且多个储备源间的调度障碍很大,应急救援调度会出现严重的困难。针对该问题,使用结构方程模型,通过调查问卷的形式得出应急救援物资储备协同的影响因素。问卷数据验证了模型的有效性和拟合程度,进一步通过路径系数检验出结构方程模型整体的拟合度。研究发现:事件因素、技术因素、部门权限因素以及部门沟通因素均可以通过正向影响信息沟通共享机制进一步正向影响应急救援资源的协同储备能力。并对该地区的应急救援物资协同制度改进路径提出可行性的建议。

Whether the reservation of relief supplies is adequate impacts emergency rescue. In reality, relief supplies are reserved at different places, therefore the collaborative relief supplies preparation is a key problem in emergency prepara- tion. In emergency preparation is of top priority. Taking traffic emergency as an example, in a given Shanghai municipal district, we first employed the inventory model to calculate the optimal stock of the required relief supplies. We found that there are insufficient relief supplies in this district, and it＇s hard to transfer the supplies, thus the emergency rescue will be an inefficient one. Aiming to solve this problem, we employ SEM. A questionnaire was thus designed to figure out factors that have impact on the collaborative emergency supplies preparation. After the reliability, validity and other parameters of the questionnaire are checked, model is also tested in its fitness through the path coefficient testing. We find that event characters, technology ability, agency authorization and inter- agency communication have a positive impact on the infor- mation sharing ability across government branches, and furthermore, have apositlve impact on the emergency relief reserva- tion in this area. Suggestions were given from two aspects including the improvement of coordination level and the order of optimal stock.