上海市闸北区劳务派遣工职业卫生现状调查

Survey on occupational health of dispatched workers in Zhabei District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市闸北区劳务派遣工的基本情况和职业危害因素接触水平,为针对其存在的问题提出建设性意见和建议提供参考。方法采用统一的调查表,由经过培训的调查员对研究对象进行面对面的询问填表,研究对象覆盖全区所有劳务派遣工;同时收集相关企业近2年的工作场所现场检测资料。结果 850例研究对象文化程度普遍不高,集中在初中及高中或中专(84.3%)。除对职业病、粉尘危害的知晓率在80%以上之外,对《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》中几种常见职业危害因素的危害及防护知识的知晓率均低于80%,岗前和岗间接受职业卫生知识培训的比例低于80%,但认为参加相关培训有帮助的比例大于90%。在58.9%接触职业危害因素的岗位中,劳务派遣工主要从事的岗位为焊接、装配、喷漆、印刷等一线工作;在接触的职业危害因素中,不合格的因素主要为噪声、照度、臭氧等物理因素,总的不合格率为18.3%,集中在印刷行业。结论劳务派遣工文化程度低,职业卫生知识缺乏,集中在生产一线工作,其职业健康知识需得到专门培训,以降低发生职业病的可能性。

[Objective]To study the basic situation of dispatched workers in Zhabei District of Shanghai,understand their exposure levels of occupational hazards,and provide the references for putting forward constructive comments and suggestions for the existed problems.[Methods]With the uniform questionnaire,the face to face inquiry was performed by the trained investigators,and all dispatched workers in Zhabei District were involved into this study. The field testing data of relevant enterprises in recent two years were collected.[Results]The education level of 850 research objects was generally not high,and 84.3% of them had the education level of junior high school,senior high school,or technical secondary school. The awareness rates of occupational diseases and hazards of dust were higher than 80%,however,the awareness rates of hazards and protection knowledge about the common occupational hazard factors that were mentioned in the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases were lower than 80%. The proportion of workers who have received the occupational health knowledge training before and during service was lower 80%,but over 90% of respondents believed the relevant training was useful. Among58.9% of posts exposed to the occupational hazard factors,the dispatched workers mainly engaged in jobs for welding,assembly,painting and printing. The main unqualified occupational hazard factors were noise,illumination,and ozone,with the total unqualified rate of 18.3%,which concentrated in the printing industry. [Conclusion]The dispatched workers have the features of lower education level and lack of occupational health knowledge,and most of them concentrate in the frontline of production. It is necessary to carry out the training of occupational health among the dispatched workers, to reduce the incidence rate of occupational diseases.