2014年某晶体硅太阳能光伏电池生产企业职业卫生现状调查

Current situation investigation on occupational health of a crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic battery manufacturing enterprise in 2014

目的探讨晶硅太阳能电池生产企业的职业卫生现状,并提出有针对性的防治对策。方法对某晶硅太阳能光伏电池生产企业的生产工艺、卫生工程防护措施、职业健康监护等现状进行调查,并对作业场所中职业病危害因素浓度(强度)进行检测。结果晶硅太阳能电池生产过程中可能接触到17余种化学物质,检测显示除硅料车间打磨作业位噪声和酸洗作业位氟化氢超标外,其余岗位均无超标现象,化学毒物合格率为97.74%(130/133),噪声合格率为94.74%(36/38)。职业健康检查发现1例疑似噪声聋患者,5名噪声禁忌证人员,12名铅及其无机化合物禁忌证人员,合计占检查人数的2.01%。结论晶硅生产过程中存在多种高毒物质,有潜在急性中毒风险,应加强关键环节的职业病危害防治和应急救援;加强对接害工人进行职业健康检查,尤其是噪声和铅烟接害人员。

[Objective]To study the current situation of occupational health in crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic battery manufacturing enterprise,put forward the targeted prevention and control measures. [Methods]The current situation of production engineering,health protection measures and occupational health surveillance in a crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic battery manufacturing enterprise were investigated,and the concentration（intensity） of occupational hazard factors in workplaces were detected.[Results]There were 17 chemical substances during the production process of crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic battery.The detection results showed that the noise intensity of polish post and hydrogen fluoride concentration of acid pickling post in silicon material workshop exceeded the limits,and the concentration（intensity） of other occupational hazard factors met the standards. The qualified rate of chemical poisons and noise was 97.74%（130/133） and 94.74%（36/38） respectively. In the occupational health examination,there were 1 case of suspected noise deafness,5 cases of contraindication to noise,12 cases of contraindication to lead and inorganic compounds,which total accounted for 2.01% of respondents.[Conclusion]Many highly toxic substances have been observed during the production process of crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic battery,and there is potential risk of acute poisoning. It is necessary to improve the prevention of occupational hazards and emergency rescue in key link,and strengthen the occupational health examination among exposed workers,especially workers exposed to noise and lead fume.