白河县野生药用植物资源的组成及药用特点

Composition and Medical Characteristics of Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in Baihe Country

为更好地掌握和了解陕西省安康市白河县药用植物资源的分布、种类等各种情况,为以后的开发和利用提供科学依据,笔者通过野外样地、路线调查及文献查阅相结合的方法,对当地的野生药用植物资源的组成和药用特点进行研究。在白河县共调查到野生植物302种,隶属于109个科250个属,其中具有药用价值的植物272种103科227属,所占比例较大,达到了90.07%。白河县药用植物中,草本占57.62%,木本类最多的是乔木,其次是灌木,最少的是藤本。从药用植物资源类别的分配情况来看,被子植物最丰富,为239种,占药用植物总数的87.87%,蕨类植物与裸子植物野生药用植物资源相对较少,分别为28种和3种。药用植物中,绝大多数以全株类入药,占36.03%,其次为根及根茎类,共81种,占29.78%。按照药用植物在医学上主要用途,白河县内解毒杀虫类的药用植物占得比例最多,占34.77%。最后针对该地区药用植物资源的分布特点和开发利用现状,提出了相应的建议和保护性对策。

In order to understand the distribution of medicinal plant resources in Baihe County, Ankang thty, Shaanxi Province, and provide a scientific basis for the future development and utilization, through the methods of field investigation, specimen collection and identification, literature research on the medicinal plant resources in Baihe Country, we found that there were totally 109 families 250 genera 302 species of plants in Baihe, incliuding 103 families 227 genera 272 species of medicinal plants, which accounted for 90.07%. Among all these medicinal plants, herbal plants accounted for 57.62%, while in the woody plants, the largest group was trees, the second was the shrubs and the least was the vine. From the perspective of the distribution of medicinal plants resources category, angiosperms was mostly abundant and had 239 species, accounting for 87.87% of the total number of medicinal plants; ferns and gymnosperms were relatively less, only had 28 and 3 species respectively. The medicinal plants for the vast majority of all kinds of medicine, accounted for 36.03%, followed by the root and rhizome class, a total of 81 species, accounted for 29.78%, so it was really necessary to provide the scientific and rational mining methods. Grouped by medicine function and main effect, the kind of poison insect medicinal plants was the most one, accounting for 34.77%. Viewing of the characteristics of resource distribution, we putted forward some advice about the protection and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources.