蜂群入场时间对蜜蜂采集梨花粉习性的影响

Effect of Introduced Bee Colonies in Different Florescence on Pear Pollination

为完善梨树蜜蜂授粉配套技术,提高梨树蜜蜂授粉效能,节约成本。以‘砀山酥梨’和意大利蜜蜂为试验材料,考察蜂群入场时间对蜜蜂采集梨花粉的影响。结果表明,梨树末花期散粉量大,蜜蜂采集的花粉最多;在蜂群入场第1天,采集梨花粉的重量与开花量呈正相关,且初花期、盛花期入场蜂群采集梨花粉的比例高于其他时间入场蜂群;在同一天内,初花期入场蜂群采集梨花粉的重量和比例高于其他时间入场蜂群;蜂群采集梨花粉的高峰在12:00—13:00;初花期、盛花期入场蜂群对梨花粉采集好于其他时间入场蜂群,授粉效能也优于其他时间入场蜂群。本研究认为蜂群在梨树初花期即开花20%左右入场,可以达到梨树最佳授粉效果。

The study aims to perfect the techniques of bee pollination for pear, improve the efficiency of bee pollination and save cost, research the influence of the introduced bee colonies in different florescence on the honeybees collecting pear pollen. Using Pyrus bretschneideri ＇Dangshansuli＇ and Apis mellifera as test materials, the author studied the influence of introduced bee colonies in different florescence on pear pollination. The results showed that there was a large quantity of pollen dispersal during late florescence, the quantity of the pollen collected by bees was the maximum. There was a positive correlation between the pear pollen weight and flowering quantities of introduced bee colonies in the first day, the pear pollen percentages of introduced bee colonies which collected during early blooming time and full blooming time were higher than other florescence, the weight and percentage of pear pollen of introduced bee colonies which collected during early blooming time were higher than other time in the same day, the peak time of collecting pear pollen was between 12：00 to 13：00, the foraging ability and pollination efficiency of the bee colonies introduced during early blooming and full blooming time were better than other florescence. So we concluded that the bees should be introduced to pollinate when the flowering percentage was about 20%, and the effect of pear pollination could be the best.