“红地球”葡萄冬季不同修剪方式对结果母枝萌芽特性的影响

Response of 'Red Globe' Grape to Different Form of Winter-pruning

以＂红地球＂葡萄为试材,对其结果母枝采用单芽、双芽、三芽、四芽和五芽的冬季修剪方式,考察了修剪方式对结果母枝不同节位冬芽萌芽率、果枝率、结果系数及花序着生位置的影响,旨在研究陕西渭北地区主栽鲜食＂红地球＂葡萄的冬季修剪反应,为冬季简化修剪提供理论依据。结果表明：＂红地球＂葡萄结果母枝上不同节位冬芽,尤其是低节位的冬芽成花能力均较强;不同修剪方式下,冬芽萌芽率、果枝率均随结果母枝上芽位的上移而降低,长梢修剪较短梢修剪结果母枝低节位冬芽的萌芽率降低,易导致结果部位上移和外移;结果母枝留芽量对新梢结果系数的影响不大,花序主要着生在新梢上的第3～5节位。试验表明,＂红地球＂葡萄冬季修剪适宜采用短梢修剪,增加短枝数量即可保证产量。

Taking‘Red Globe＇grape as material,the germinantion rate,ratio of branches to shoots,fruiting coefficient and the inflorescence position of shoots from canes with one,two,three,four or five buds were investigated.A comprehensive investigation was carried out to determine the response of‘Red Globe＇grape planted in Linwei District of Weinan city to different forms of winter-pruning,which could provide a theoretical basis for the winter simplified pruning.The results showed that the winter buds on different nodes had strong capability to be floral,especially the buds from low nodes.The germination rate and ratio of branches to shoots of‘Red Globe＇decreased from base to the top buds of canes.The germination rate of buds on long canes pruning was lower than that on short canes pruning.These easily made fruiting position shift up.There was no significant effect of buds number in canes on fruiting coefficient of shoots and inflorescence was mainly located on 3-5th node of shoots.Results indicated that‘Red Globe＇was suitable for spur（short canes）pruning and it could ensure yield through increase of spur amount.