长白山野生软枣猕猴桃资源分布与果实和叶片性状多样性

Resource Distribution and Character Diversity of Fruit and Leaf of Wild Actinidia arguta From Changbai Mountain Area

对长白山地区8个采样点48份软枣猕猴桃种质资源分布与果实和叶片性状与生境相关性进行了分析。结果表明：长白山野生软枣猕猴桃在海拔25～1 070m范围内均有分布,且以海拔400～800m分布最集中而且品质最佳,其主要生长在湿润、半湿润的阔叶林或针阔叶混交林中。长白山地区软枣猕猴桃果实单果重的频度分布大体上是正态分布,单果重5～6g出现的频度最高,而单果重平均值在6～7g出现的频度与正态分布不相符。长白山野生软枣猕猴桃果实主要性状变异较大,果实形状和大小多种多样,但果实绝大多数为长果扁平型。随着海拔的升高叶柄长度变短、叶片变长。不同采集地和不同海拔分布的软枣猕猴桃果实和叶片性状聚类分析结果表明,软枣猕猴桃果实和叶片性状多样性与不同海拔形成的特殊气候条件有关,而与海拔没有直接的关系。

Resource distribution and the correlation of characters of fruit and leaf of 48 Actinidia arguta germplasm resources with habitats of 8sampling site from Changbai Mountain were studied.The results showed that the wild Actinidiaargutagermplasm resources from Changbai mountain were distributed at an altitude range of 25-1 070 m,particularly at an altitude range of 400-800 m was the most concentrated distribution and the best quality.The wild Actinidia arguta germplasm resources widely grew on broad-leaved forest or mixed coniferous broad leaved forest of humid and semihumid.Frequency distribution of the fruit weight of Actinidia argutafrom Changbai mountain generally present gaussian distribution,the frequency of 5-6g was the highest.Main characters of fruit in wild Actinidia arguta from Changbai mountain had large variation which had a variety of fruit shape and size,but most of fruit belonged to the type of long fruit with flat.The petiole length got shorter and leaf got longer with the increasing of altitude.Clustering analysis of characters of the fruit and leaf of Actinidia arguta from different regions and altitudes showed that the diversity of characters of the fruit and leaf of Actinidia arguta were connected with special climate condition by different altitude,instead of the different altitude.