贸易自由化对出口产品质量的影响效应——基于中国微观制造业企业的实证研究

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Quality of Export Products:An Empirical Research Based on China's Micro Manufacturing Enterprises

本文运用中国进口关税数据、工业企业数据和海关出口数据,就贸易自由化对出口产品质量升级的影响效应展开微观层面的探讨和实证检验。研究结果表明:贸易自由化对靠近世界质量前沿的企业产品质量升级具有积极效应,即"规避竞争效应",而对远离世界质量前沿的企业产品质量升级具有消极影响,即"气馁效应";从不同企业类型来看,关税减让对国有企业出口产品质量的影响不明显,贸易自由化带来的关税减让无法促使技术和质量水平落后的产品退出市场,资本密集型企业比劳动密集型企业受到"规避竞争效应"的影响更明显,加工贸易企业产品质量受到关税减让的影响相对较小;其他企业层面的异质性因素中,企业研发投入是最为重要的正向影响因素。

Using Chinese import tariff data, industrial enterprise data and cus- toms export data, this paper explores the micro- level effects of the trade liberal- ization on quality upgrading of the export product. The results show that the trade liberalization has a positive effect on the quality upgrading of products whose quality is near the frontier of the world quality, which can be called the “competition avoidance effect” ; however, it has a negative effect on the quality upgrading of products whose quality is far away from the world quality frontier, namely,“discouragement effect” . From the ownership perspective, the effect of tariff reduction on state- owned enterprises is not obvious; from the factor intensi- ty perspective, capital- intensive enterprises are more affected by the “competi- tion avoidance effect” ; from the trade pattern perspective, the effect of tariff re- duction on processing enterprises is relatively small; among other controlling vari- ables, R＆D investment is the most important positive factor.