FDI、环境规制与中国工业绿色全要素生产率增长——基于Luenberger指数的实证研究

FDI, Environmental Regulation and Green Total Factor Productivity Growth of China's Industry: An Empirical Study Based on Luenberger Index

本文运用SBM方向性距离函数与Luenberger生产率指数,在考虑能源消耗和非期望产出的情况下,测算了2000-2012年中国30个省份的工业绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)及其来源分解,并进一步实证检验了环境规制、FDI及两者的交互项对GTFP的影响。结果表明:我国工业GTFP年均增长3.04%,其中技术进步是其增长的主要来源;环境规制显著促进了GTFP增长,从生产率的视角验证了"波特假说"的成立;FDI虽未能对中国GTFP产生显著的直接影响,但FDI可驱使中国加强环境规制水平,而严格的环境规制又能有效提高外资进入的环境门槛,对FDI起到"筛选"作用,因此两者的良性互动是GTFP增长的重要影响因素。

This paper applies SBM directional distance function and Luenberg- er productivity index to measure green total factor productivity （GTFP） growth and its components of China＇ s industry over the period 2000- 2012 while tak- ing into account the factors of energy consumption and undesirable output. The paper also empirically examines how the environmental regulation, FDI and their linkage impact the GTFP growth. The results show that the GTFP of China＇ s in- dustry has an average annual growth rate of 3.04% and the technical progress is the main source. The regression results indicate that environmental regulation could significantly improve the GTFP growth, which supports the Porter Hypothe- sis. FDI does not have a direct effect on GTFP; however, FDI could drive the Chinese government to strengthen their environmental regulation level. Correspond- ingly, strict environmental regulations will increase the environmental threshold of FDI to improve its quality. It means that the positive interaction of FDI and the environmental regulation has a crucial effect on GTFP growth.