面源污染管理中不同类型工程设施的性能比较

Effectiveness evaluation of best management practices for treatment of non-point source pollution

为深入了解面源污染管理中不同类型工程设施的性能,本文对人工湿地、草生水路、植被过滤带、物理过滤池、渗滤沟及水力分离器的污染物去除效率及费用进行了评价。结果显示,不同类型工程设施对污染物质的去除能力不同。物理过滤池、人工湿地及渗滤沟在总体上表现出较高的污染物去除能力。而费用(包括建设费用和运行维护费用)比较发现,物理过滤池费用较高而人工湿地、植被过滤带及渗滤沟费用相对较低。较高费用的工程设施具有较高的污染物去除能力,如物理过滤池。而较低或中等费用的工程设施未必具有较低的污染物去除能力,如人工湿地。故在面源污染治理工程措施的选择中,应综合考虑不同设施的污染物质去除能力与建设及维护费用等指标。

Many best management practices have been developed and implemented to treat the non-point source pollution of the aquatic environment in Korean 4 major-river basins. The performance and cost of these facilities were evaluated and compared using broad categories, including grassed swales, constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips, hydrodynamic separators, media filters, and infiltration trenches. Results indicated that constructed wetlands, media filters and infiltration trenches generally performed better in removing pollutants than other types of facilities, while media filters were the most expensive factor in terms of construction and operational costs. In addition, constructed wetlands incurred the least operational cost, as well as helping to control the quantity of runoff. This illustrates that a high cost facility does not necessarily give a better performance.