冷水江市某锑冶炼厂198例锑性皮炎患者临床特点及其危害因素

Clinical features and its risk factors of 198 cases of antimony dermatitis in an antimony smelting plant of Lengshuijiang City

目的通过了解冷水江市某锑冶炼厂锑性皮炎的发病情况,为更好地防治锑性皮炎提供科学依据。方法对2013年锑性皮炎患者进行回顾性调查和职业流行病学分析。结果 198例锑性皮炎患者有77.8%出现丘疹、水泡,49.5%的出现脓泡,42.4%的出现脓肿。瘙痒、刺痛和影响休息睡眠的分别占88.9%、59.6%和75.8%。接触工龄<2 a的皮炎患者占43.43%,2或3 a者为14.14%,4或5年者为10.61%。用含地塞米松类氧疮药组的症状缓解有效率为97.97%,不使用地塞米松类氧疮药组仅有40.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=90.44,P<0.05)。结论改革生产工艺、加强通风、降低车间温度是预防锑性皮炎的根本措施。

[Objective]To understand incidence of antimony dermatitis in an antimony smelting plant of Lengshuijiang City, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of antimony dermatitis. [Methods]Retrospective survey and epidemiological analysis were performed on antimony dermatitis patients in 2013. [Results]Of 198 cases of antimony dermatitis, 77.8% had papules and blisters, 49.5% had pus bubble, 42.4% had abscess, 88.9% had symptom of itching, 59.6% had sting, and 75.8% had sleep problem. 43.43% workers with 2-year-service, 14.14% with 2 or 3-year-service had dermatitis, and 10.61% with d or 5 year-service had dermatitis. The symptoms relieving efficiency of Dexamethasone was 97.97%, that of non-dexamethasone was 40.00%, with significant difference （χ2=90.44, P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]Reforming production process, strengthening ventilation, lowering the temperature in the workshop are the basic measures for antimony dermatitis prevention.