南京市市售蔬菜镉污染现状及健康风险分析

Status of cadmium pollution in commercial vegetables in Nanjing City and health risk analysis

目的了解南京市市售蔬菜镉污染情况,对居民蔬菜镉暴露量进行评估。方法 2011—2014年对南京农贸市场和蔬菜批发市场销售的蔬菜进行抽样,按GB/T 5009.15的方法检测镉含量;在4个区县的4个社委会各随机抽取50户居民,采用记账法和半定量食物频率法对居民日常蔬菜消费量进行调查,并据此进行居民蔬菜镉暴露量评估。结果共采集44种、1 159份蔬菜。地产特种菜(芦蒿)镉含量最高,均值为74.4μg/kg,;其次为食用菌(香菇),均值为42.8μg/kg。镉含量由高到低分别为芦蒿、香菇、其次其他食用菌、叶菜类、鳞茎类、根茎类、茄果类、豆类、瓜类、芸苔属类和水生类。瓜类、茄果类、芦蒿、叶菜类和芸薹属类蔬菜不同季节的镉含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。居民每日通过蔬菜摄入镉的量为6.01μg,占每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的10.01%,其中镉暴露量居前3位的蔬菜依次为叶菜类、特种菜(芦蒿)和食用菌。结论目前蔬菜镉对南京市居民健康风险较小。

[ Objective ] To know the cadmium pollution status in commercial vegetables in Nanjing City, evaluate the cadmium exposure level of vegetables in residents.[ Methods ] The vegetable samples were collected fi＇om agricultural markets and vegetable wholesale markets in Nanjing City from 2011-2014, and the cadmium concentration was detected according to the methods of GB/T 5009.15. A total of 200 households were randomly sampled from 4 commUnities of 4 districts/counties, 50 households from each community. The daily consumption of vegetables was investigated by the methods of food accountant and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, to evaluate the cadmium exposure level of vegetables in residents.[ Results ] Totally 1159 samples of 44 kinds of vegetables were collected. The cadmium concentration of special vegetable （artemisia selengensis） was the highest, which the mean value was 74.4 μg/kg, followed by edible fungus （lentinus edodes）, with the mean value of 42.8 μg/kg. The cadmium concentrations arranged in the descendent order were as follows： artemisia selengensi, lentinus edodes, other edible fungus, leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, tuber vegetables, solanum vegetables, beans, melons vegetables, brassica vegetables and aquatic vegetables. The differences in the cadmium concentrations in melons vegetables, solanum vegetables, artemisia selengensi, leafy vegetables and brassica vegetables were statistically significant among different seasons （P〈0.05）. The median daily cadmium intake via vegetables was 6.01 μg among residents, accounting for 10.01% of weekly tolerable intake （PTWI）. The first three exposure of cadmium were leafy vegetables, special vegetable （artemisia selengensis） and edible fungus.[ Conclusion ] The exposure of cadmium via vegetables may pose a less health risk to local residents in Nanjing City.