2009—2013年深圳市罗湖区中小学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情分析

Analysis on infectious disease outbreaks in primary schools, secondary schools and nurseries of Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2009-2013

目的分析深圳市罗湖区2009—2013年学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情的流行特征,为有效预防和控制学校暴发疫情提供科学依据。方法收集整理深圳市罗湖区2009—2013年学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情资料,并运用描述流行病学方法进行综合分析。结果深圳市罗湖区2009—2013年共报告学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情276起,发病2 258例,平均罹患率为5.55%,无死亡病例。其中流行性感冒91起(32.97%)、甲型H1N1流感76起(27.54%)、水痘39起(14.13%)、手足口病32起(11.59%)、急性出血性结膜炎10起(3.62%)、流行性腮腺炎14起(5.07%)、感染性腹泻病4起(1.45%)。小学报告178起(64.49%),托幼机构报告68起(24.64%);中学报告30起(10.87%);传染病暴发疫情以3、9、11月为多,合计占疫情数的51.09%(141/276)。结论每学期开学后的一二个月是学校传染病暴发疫情高发期,托幼机构应以肠道传染病为防控重点,中、小学校以呼吸道传染病为防控重点,针对性主动免疫是有效预防的关键。

[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks in schools and nurseries of Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2009-2013, provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of outbreaks in schools. [Methods] The methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to analyze the data of infectious disease outbreaks in schools and nurseries of Luohu District from 2009-2013. [Results] A total of 276 infectious disease outbreaks in schools and nurseries were reported in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2009-2013, involving 2 258 patients, with the attack rate of 5.55%, and there was no death case. The main diseases were influenza （91 events, 32.97%）, influenza A （H1N1） （76 events, 27.54%）, chicken pox （39 events, 14.13%）, hand-foot-mouth disease （32 events, 11.59%）, acute Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis （10 events, 3.62%）, epidemic mumps （14 events, 5.07%） and infectious diarrhea （4 events, 1.45%）.178 （64.49%） outbreaks were reported in primary schools, 68 （24.64%） were reported in nurseries, and 30 （10.87%） were reported in secondary schools. Most of outbreaks occurred in March, September and November, accounting for 51.09% of total events （141/276）. [Conclusion] The infectious disease outbreaks mainly occur in the first and second month after the beginning of term. The prevention and control should focus on intestinal infectious diseases in nurseries, and respiratory infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools. The targeted and active immune is the key of effective prevention.