简论早期技术社会学的法国学派

On the French School in the Early Sociological Study of Techniques

早期技术社会学的法国学派在今天学界鲜被提及。实际上,法国社会学的主要开创者塔尔德、涂尔干和莫斯都把发明或技术看作是重要的社会现象,开拓了具体的有特色的技术社会学研究。塔尔德将"发明问题"视为社会学的两大问题之一,自觉地进行了发明社会学的早期探索;涂尔干和莫斯则在"技术学"的名称下努力将技术社会学发展成为一门社会学分支。早期技术社会学的法国学派很大程度上已提前预见了后来出现的新旧技术社会学的发展。

The French school in the early sociological study of techniques seems to be forgotten. The main founders of French sociology such as Gabriel Tarde, Emile Durkheim, and Marcel Mauss regarded inventions or techniques as an essential phenomenon of a society, and really launched the sociological studies of techniques. Gabriel Tarde claimed that the invention problem was one of the two key problems in the sociological field, and he pioneered in development of the sociology of invention. Emile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, under the name of technology, did their researches, and drew the attention of sociologists to technology as a branch of sociology. The French school in the early sociological study of techniques foresaw ahead the development of the so-called new and old sociology of technology.