基因型和环境条件对烤烟叶形性状的影响

Effects of Genotype and Environmental Condition on Characters of Leaf Shape of Flue-cured Tobacco

研究了不同基因型、年份、地点、土壤类型及前作等因素对烤烟叶形性状的影响。结果表明,各因素之间叶形性状都存在着极显著差异。品种间叶形性状聚类分析结果表明,叶形性状在品种群间的差异达极显著水平,其中,第Ⅰ类品种的叶数显著多于其它两类,但腰叶最短、最窄;第Ⅲ类品种的腰叶显著大于其它类群。在试验年份内,以2013年平均单株有效叶数最多;腰叶长、宽平均值均以2011年最大,并且与其它各年度腰叶长、宽的差异都达到了5%显著水平。昆明地区单株叶数最多,并且显著多于其它各点;昭通种植点腰叶长、宽平均值最大,而且与其它各点的差异均达显著水平。红壤土种植的烤烟单株有效叶数最多;而黄壤土种植的烤烟腰叶长、宽最大。就不同前茬来说,以蚕豆为前作时,烟株叶形性状表现最好,而烤烟连作时单株叶数最少。

The effects of different genotypes, planting years, locations, soil types and preceding crops on the characters of leaf shape of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that the characters of leaf shape were different at a greatly significant level under the influence of different factors. The clustering analysis displayed that there were greatly significant differences in leafshape characters among different variety clusters. Among them, the cluster- I varieties had significantly more leaf number, and the shortest and the narrowest middle leaves; the cluster-IH varieties had significantly larger middle leaves. Among the testing years, the average number of effective leaves per plant was the most in 2013, and the average length and width of middle leaves in 2011 were significantly （P〈0.05） higher than those in other years. The number of leaves per plant in Kunming was significantly more than that in other locations. The middle leaves in Zhaotong were the longest and widest, and were significantly different from those in other locations. The number of effective leaves per plant in red soil was the most, while the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in yellow soil were the longest and widest. As for various preceding crops, horsebean was the best for the performance of leaf-shape characters of flue-cured tobacco, while flue-cured tobacco was the worst for the leaf number per tobacco plant.