错误记忆的发展性逆转:为什么越长大越易“错”?

Developmental Reversals in False Memory: Why the More Grown up the More Fallible?

错误记忆的发展性逆转是指在一定条件下,错误记忆会随着年龄的增长而增长的现象。为什么会出现这种现象?模糊痕迹理论认为这是由于个体提取要义的能力不断增强,而字面痕迹在记忆任务中无法得到利用所导致;关联激活理论则将其归因于个体不断成熟的自动化激活过程。两种理论均有大量的实证研究支持,目前仍未有一致结论。错误记忆的发展涉及多种认知功能,更与某些基于记忆和语义的高级认知过程有密切的联系,未来的研究应该继续完善错误记忆的发展模型,并将其应用到更多的领域中。

The developmental reversal of false memory refers to the phenomenon that under certain circumstance the false memory increases with age （e.g. DRM Paradigm）.Fuzzy-trace theory believes that such phenomenon is caused by the growing ability of gist memories and the unavailability of the verbatim memories in memory tasks. However, the associative-activation theory suggests that such phenomenon should be attributed to the continually maturing automatic associative activation. Both theories are supported by a large number of empirical evidences. Yet no unanimous conclusion was achieved so far. Previous studies indicated that the development of false memory was related to a variety of cognitive functions; moreover, it is related to some high-level cognitive process based on memory and semantic. Further studies should rectify the developmental model of false memory, and extend its application.