组织等级:基本概念及作用机理

Organizational Hierarchy: Basic Concepts and Mechanisms

儒家等级观念对中国企业的组织文化和组织架构影响深远,然而国内研究者对组织等级研究并没有进行很好的梳理。基于近年来国内外组织管理学、心理学和劳动经济学领域相关的理论和实证文章,对组织等级研究进行了系统性的回顾。整体而言,组织等级指的是组织成员在有价值的社会维度上的排序,通常包含权力等级、身份等级和薪酬等级三个维度。等级源自组织对沟通协调的需求,并通过激励和排序两种机制对个体、团队和组织产生影响。未来研究应当明确区分不同等级类型,加强对身份等级的相关研究,探索组织等级关系链中的调节变量,并考虑进行跨层研究设计和本土化理论的拓展。

Confucian hierarchy thought significantly influences both organizational culture and structure in Chinese enterprises. However, organizational hierarchy research has not been well summarized for application to Chinese organizations. Based on recent theoretical and empirical papers in organizational management, psychology and labor economics, this study is a systematic review of organizational hierarchy research. On the whole, organizational hierarchy refers to the rank orders of organizational members with respect to valued social dimensions, and can be divided into three types, which are power, status and pay hierarchies. These hierarchies arise from organizational requirements for communication and coordination, and affect individuals, teams and organizations through two mechanisms： motivation and rank. Future research should clearly distinguish between organizational hierarchy types, pay more attention to status hierarchy, explore moderators between organizational hierarchy and outcome variables, and consider cross-level research designs and the role of Chinese localization theory.