从具身视角看道德判断

Embodiment in Moral Judgment

道德判断是个体对于某类行为的善恶好坏和是非对错所进行的评价及判断。随着具身认知理论的兴起,道德判断的具身研究随之展开。道德判断具身性的研究主要围绕身体清洁、厌恶,身体温度及身体动作这3个维度展开。从皮亚杰及维果茨基的心理发展观,概念隐喻理论和进化心理学3个角度对道德判断具身效应进行了理论解释和探讨。考虑到身体变量会通过情绪、认知因素进而影响道德判断,今后具身认知视角下的道德判断应与道德判断中已有的理论进行整合,同时对其与道德直觉的关系需要深入探讨,并需进一步考察具身效应发生的时效性和动态性问题,探讨道德判断具身效应的调节变量及个体差异,同时要对道德判断具身效应进行跨文化比较。

Moral judgment is a kind of evaluation and judgment about certain types of behaviors which individuals make to distinguish good from evil and right from wrong. With the rise of embodied cognition theory, the studies of embodiment in moral judgment are subsequently carried out. Researchers on embodiment in moral judgment mainly focus on three aspects, namely physical cleanliness and disgust, physical temperature and body movement. Researchers explain embodied effect in moral judgment from the perspective of Psychological Development proposed by Piaget and Vygotsky respectively, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Evolutionary Psychology. Considering the fact that physical variables can influence moral judgment through emotion and cognition, future research should integrate embodied approach of moral judgment with existed theories of moral judgment. And researchers should make clear of the relationship between embodiment in moral judgment and moral intuition. Future research should further explore the timeliness and dynamic, discuss the relevant moderator variables and individual differences, and make cross-cultural comparisons under the perspective of embodied effect.