提高稻飞虱卵期天敌控害能力的稻田生态工程技术

Ecological engineering technology for enhancement of biological control capacity of egg parasitoids against rice planthoppers in paddy fields

通过采取包括调节与保护生物多样性、种植显花植物(芝麻)、种植诱虫植物(香根草)、调整水稻生长前期的农药使用策略、"三控"施肥技术等内容的生态工程控害技术措施,探讨其提高稻飞虱卵期天敌控害能力的作用。本研究系统调查了水稻生长期前的常见禾本科杂草上稻飞虱寄生蜂数量以及水稻生长期稻田稻飞虱及其卵期寄生性天敌的种群动态。结果表明,马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica)是寡索赤眼蜂(Ollgosita spp.)的最适越冬寄主,在冬末春初,生态工程控害区的寡索赤眼蜂数量远高于农民自防区。在水稻种植前期稻田边的看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)和李氏禾(Leersia hexandra)是缨小蜂(Anagrus spp.)的适宜寄主,对缨小蜂的种群维持起着至关重要的作用。稻田实施生态工程技术能显著提高稻田附近稻飞虱卵寄生蜂的数量,有效降低稻田稻飞虱的种群数量。

Ecological engineering strategies for sustainable rice insect pest management mainly included intervention and conservation biodiversity,planting flowering plants（sesame） on bound and trap plants（vetiver grass） on roadside,adjusting the pesticide use strategy during the early growth stage of rice,using ＂Three Controls＂ fertilization practice,etc.Effects of these ecological engineering techniques on enhancing control capacity of egg parasitoids to rice planthoppers were studied by investigation of species＇ and quantities of parasitoids on common grassy weed in rice fields and population dynamics of rice planthopper and its egg parasitoid in early spring before rice growing period and rice growing stage systematically.The results showed that Digitariasanguinalis and Eleusineindica were the optimum overwintering host plants for OUgosita spp.,in addition,Alopecurusaequalis and Leersiahexandra were the optimum host plant for Anagrus spp.and played a vital role on maintaining population of Anagrus before rice planting.Quantities of OUgosita and Anagrus in ecological engineering areas were larger than farming fields.Quantity of rice planthopper egg parasitoids near the ridge was increased and quantity of planthoppers was reduced significandy by implementing rice ecological engineering technology.